Which statement best describes subtractive bilingualism?

Subtractive bilingualism is a concept that arises in contexts where a student learns a second language and, as a result, experiences a decline in proficiency or usage of their first language. This phenomenon often occurs when the educational system or social environment prioritizes the second language—leading to the implication that the second language is superior to the first.

In contrast to additive bilingualism, where both languages develop in a way that benefits the learner, subtractive bilingualism implies a loss or reduction of the first language's importance and use. Thus, this concept predominantly revolves around the idea that one language is viewed as having more prestige or value, potentially contributing to a diminished identity or connection to the first language.

The other options do not accurately characterize subtractive bilingualism—such as the notion that it emphasizes equal acquisition, is without impact on the first language, or supports the development of multiple languages, as these aspects are more aligned with additive bilingualism rather than subtractive.