What is the primary focus of subtractive bilingualism?

The primary focus of subtractive bilingualism is indeed to emphasize English over the first language. In subtractive bilingualism, individuals, often speakers of a minority language, may experience a decrease in proficiency in their native language as they learn a second language, such as English. This can occur in environments where the dominant culture and language prioritize English, leading to a situation where the first language is not supported or maintained. Consequently, the individual may lose proficiency in their initial language, which can affect cultural identity and personal connections to that language.

This concept contrasts with other bilingualism types, where maintaining and developing proficiency in both languages is encouraged, such as in additive bilingualism, which aims for equal development in both languages. Therefore, the situation framed by subtractive bilingualism ultimately reflects a process where the second language is valued more than the first, resulting in potential language attrition.