According to Canale and Swain, what is communicative competence?

Communicative competence, as defined by Canale and Swain, encompasses the ability to not only understand and produce language but also to use it appropriately in various social contexts. The correct answer focuses on the crucial elements of grammatical competence, which pertains to the correct use of syntax, morphology, and phonology; and pragmatic competence, which involves the ability to use language effectively in social situations.

By integrating these two competencies, communicative competence allows speakers to convey their messages accurately and appropriately, taking into consideration the context and the social norms of the interaction. This holistic approach moves beyond merely knowing vocabulary or grammar rules; it emphasizes the dynamic interplay between different forms of knowledge in communication, providing learners with the skills needed to interact successfully in real-life situations.